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<span class=mb-[2px]><a href=#/projects/Networking/index.md class="text-lg hover:text-primary-500" rel="noopener noreferrer" target=_blank title="Edit content"><span class="inline-block align-text-bottom"><span class="relative block icon"><svg height="1em" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M441 58.9 453.1 71c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6.0 33.9L424 134.1 377.9 88 407 58.9c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9.0zM209.8 256.2 344 121.9 390.1 168 255.8 302.2c-2.9 2.9-6.5 5-10.4 6.1L186.9 325l16.7-58.5c1.1-3.9 3.2-7.5 6.1-10.4zM373.1 25 175.8 222.2c-8.7 8.7-15 19.4-18.3 31.1l-28.6 1e2c-2.4 8.4-.1 17.4 6.1 23.6s15.2 8.5 23.6 6.1l1e2-28.6c11.8-3.4 22.5-9.7 31.1-18.3L487 138.9c28.1-28.1 28.1-73.7.0-101.8L474.9 25C446.8-3.1 401.2-3.1 373.1 25zM88 64C39.4 64 0 103.4.0 152V424c0 48.6 39.4 88 88 88H360c48.6.0 88-39.4 88-88V312c0-13.3-10.7-24-24-24s-24 10.7-24 24V424c0 22.1-17.9 40-40 40H88c-22.1.0-40-17.9-40-40V152c0-22.1 17.9-40 40-40H2e2c13.3.0 24-10.7 24-24s-10.7-24-24-24H88z"/></svg></span></span></a></span></div><div class="flex flex-row flex-wrap items-center"></div><div class="flex flex-row flex-wrap items-center"></div></div><div class=max-w-prose><div class="flex author"><img class="!mt-0 !mb-0 h-24 w-24 rounded-full me-4" width=96 height=96 alt=Michael src=../../me/wampyDance_hu_9755a36fc051c5d4.gif data-zoom-src=../../me/wampyDance_hu_1961b32b8fcd82d8.gif><div class=place-self-center><div class="text-[0.6rem] uppercase leading-3 text-neutral-500 dark:text-neutral-400">Author</div><div class="font-semibold leading-6 text-neutral-800 dark:text-neutral-300">Michael</div><div class="text-sm text-neutral-700 dark:text-neutral-400">some dude that works on datacenters, plays guitar, streams, has a lot of side projects and unhealthy addiction to ow</div><div class="text-2xl sm:text-lg"></div></div></div><div class=mb-5></div></div></header><div class="single-post-wrapper relative mt-8 w-full max-w-7xl mx-auto px-4"><aside id=sidebar-toc class="w-full mb-8 xl:mb-0"><div class="toc sticky top-24"><details open id=TOCView class="toc-right mt-0 overflow-y-auto overscroll-contain bf-scrollbar rounded-lg -ms-5 ps-5 pe-2 block lg:block"><summary class="block py-1 text-lg font-semibold cursor-pointer bg-neutral-100 text-neutral-800 -ms-5 ps-5 dark:bg-neutral-700 dark:text-neutral-100 lg:hidden">Table of Contents</summary><div id=TableOfContents class="min-w-[220px] py-2 border-dotted border-s-1 -ms-5 ps-5 dark:border-neutral-600"><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><a href=#ip-address>IP Address</a></li><li><a href=#ipv4--ipv6>IPv4 & IPv6</a></li><li><a href=#dhcp>DHCP</a></li><li><a href=#static-ip>Static IP</a></li><li><a href=#dns>DNS</a></li><li><a href=#proxy>PROXY</a></li><li><a href=#reverse-proxy>Reverse Proxy</a></li><li><a href=#ssl>SSL</a></li></ul></nav></div></details><details class="toc-inside mt-0 overflow-hidden rounded-lg -ms-5 ps-5 lg:hidden"><summary class="py-1 text-lg font-semibold cursor-pointer bg-neutral-100 text-neutral-800 -ms-5 ps-5 dark:bg-neutral-700 dark:text-neutral-100 lg:hidden">Table of Contents</summary><div class="py-2 border-dotted border-neutral-300 border-s-1 -ms-5 ps-5 dark:border-neutral-600"><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><a href=#ip-address>IP Address</a></li><li><a href=#ipv4--ipv6>IPv4 & IPv6</a></li><li><a href=#dhcp>DHCP</a></li><li><a href=#static-ip>Static IP</a></li><li><a href=#dns>DNS</a></li><li><a href=#proxy>PROXY</a></li><li><a href=#reverse-proxy>Reverse Proxy</a></li><li><a href=#ssl>SSL</a></li></ul></nav></div></details></div></aside><section id=main-content class=w-full><div class="article-content prose dark:prose-invert mx-auto"><h2 class="relative group">IP Address<div id=ip-address class=anchor></div><span class="absolute top-0 w-6 transition-opacity opacity-0 -start-6 not-prose group-hover:opacity-100 select-none"><a class="text-primary-300 dark:text-neutral-700 !no-underline" href=#ip-address aria-label=Anchor>#</a></span></h2><p>An Internet Protocol address (IP) address is a numerical label assigned to each
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device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for
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communication. Think of it like a street address for your computer on the
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internet. It’s how devices find each other and exchange information.</p><p>Here’s a breakdown:</p><ul><li><strong>Numerical Identifier:</strong> An IP address is a set of numbers, typically
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represented in dotted decimal notation (e.g., 192.168.1.1). There are two
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main versions: IPv4 (the older version) and IPv6 (the newer version, which
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uses a different format to accommodate more addresses).</li><li><strong>Device Identification:</strong> Every device that connects to a network (computers,
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smartphones, tablets, servers, etc.) needs a unique IP address to be
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identified and communicate.</li><li><strong>Location Information:</strong> While not precise, parts of an IP address can
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provide some general information about the device’s location.</li><li><strong>Routing:</strong> IP addresses are used by routers to direct network traffic to the
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correct destination. When you send data over the internet, routers use IP
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addresses to figure out where to send it.</li></ul><p>In short, an IP address is a crucial element of networking. It’s the unique
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identifier that allows devices to communicate with each other over a network,
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whether it’s a local network or the vast expanse of the internet.</p><hr><h2 class="relative group">IPv4 & IPv6<div id=ipv4--ipv6 class=anchor></div><span class="absolute top-0 w-6 transition-opacity opacity-0 -start-6 not-prose group-hover:opacity-100 select-none"><a class="text-primary-300 dark:text-neutral-700 !no-underline" href=#ipv4--ipv6 aria-label=Anchor>#</a></span></h2><p>IPv4 and IPv6 are two versions of the Internet Protocol (IP), which is the
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fundamental protocol that enables devices to communicate over the internet.
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They are essentially addressing systems that allow devices to be uniquely
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identified and located on a network.</p><p>Here’s a breakdown:</p><ul><li><p><strong>IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4):</strong> This is the original version of IP,
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using 32-bit addresses represented in dotted decimal notation (e.g.,
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192.168.1.1). It offers roughly 4.3 billion unique addresses. Due to the
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explosive growth of the internet, IPv4 addresses are now largely exhausted.</p></li><li><p><strong>IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6):</strong> This is the newer version of IP,
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designed to address the limitations of IPv4. It uses 128-bit addresses
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represented in hexadecimal notation (e.g.,
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2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334). IPv6 offers a vastly larger address
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space, virtually eliminating the problem of address exhaustion.</p></li></ul><p>Key Differences and Why IPv6 is Needed:</p><ul><li><strong>Address Space:</strong> IPv4 has a limited number of addresses, while IPv6 offers a
|
|
practically unlimited number.</li><li><strong>Address Format:</strong> IPv4 uses dotted decimal notation, while IPv6 uses
|
|
hexadecimal notation.</li><li><strong>Automatic Configuration:</strong> IPv6 supports more advanced automatic
|
|
configuration features, simplifying network management.</li><li><strong>Security:</strong> IPv6 includes built-in security features, such as IPSec, which
|
|
enhances network security.</li></ul><p>In short, IPv4 is the older, widely used addressing system that is now facing
|
|
address exhaustion. IPv6 is the newer, more robust addressing system designed to
|
|
replace IPv4 and provide the necessary address space for the continued growth of
|
|
the internet. The transition to IPv6 is ongoing.</p><hr><h2 class="relative group">DHCP<div id=dhcp class=anchor></div><span class="absolute top-0 w-6 transition-opacity opacity-0 -start-6 not-prose group-hover:opacity-100 select-none"><a class="text-primary-300 dark:text-neutral-700 !no-underline" href=#dhcp aria-label=Anchor>#</a></span></h2><p>Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network management protocol that
|
|
automates the process of assigning IP addresses and other network configuration
|
|
parameters to devices on a network. Think of it as a way to automatically give
|
|
each device on your network its own “address” so it can communicate with other
|
|
devices and the internet.</p><p>Here’s a breakdown:</p><ul><li><strong>Automatic IP Assignment:</strong> DHCP eliminates the need to manually configure IP
|
|
addresses for each device on a network. This is especially useful in large
|
|
networks where it would be tedious to assign addresses manually.</li><li><strong>Lease-Based System:</strong> DHCP uses a “lease” system, where IP addresses are
|
|
assigned to devices for a specific period of time. When the lease expires, the
|
|
device must renew it or the IP address becomes available for other devices.
|
|
This helps ensure that IP addresses are used efficiently.</li><li><strong>Centralized Management:</strong> DHCP allows network administrators to manage IP
|
|
addresses from a central server. This simplifies network administration and
|
|
makes it easier to track which devices have which IP addresses.</li><li><strong>Other Configuration Parameters:</strong> In addition to IP addresses, DHCP can also
|
|
provide other network configuration parameters, such as subnet mask, default
|
|
gateway, and DNS server addresses.</li></ul><p>Why someone might use DHCP:</p><ul><li><strong>Simplified Network Administration:</strong> DHCP makes it much easier to manage IP
|
|
addresses in a network, especially in large networks.</li><li><strong>Reduced Configuration Errors:</strong> Manual IP address configuration can lead to
|
|
errors, such as duplicate IP addresses, which can cause network conflicts.
|
|
DHCP helps prevent these errors.</li><li><strong>Efficient IP Address Usage:</strong> The lease-based system ensures that IP
|
|
addresses are used efficiently and that addresses that are no longer in use
|
|
are reclaimed.</li><li><strong>Plug-and-Play Networking:</strong> DHCP allows devices to connect to a network and
|
|
automatically receive the necessary network configuration, making it easier to
|
|
add new devices to the network.</li></ul><p>In short, DHCP is a valuable tool for network administrators that simplifies IP
|
|
address management and makes networks more efficient and reliable.</p><hr><h2 class="relative group">Static IP<div id=static-ip class=anchor></div><span class="absolute top-0 w-6 transition-opacity opacity-0 -start-6 not-prose group-hover:opacity-100 select-none"><a class="text-primary-300 dark:text-neutral-700 !no-underline" href=#static-ip aria-label=Anchor>#</a></span></h2><p>A static IP address is a manually assigned IP address that remains constant for
|
|
a specific device on a network. Unlike a dynamic IP address (assigned by DHCP),
|
|
a static IP doesn’t change. This makes it useful for devices that need a
|
|
consistent and predictable address, such as servers, printers, or network
|
|
devices. However, it requires manual configuration and careful management to
|
|
avoid IP address conflicts.</p><hr><h2 class="relative group">DNS<div id=dns class=anchor></div><span class="absolute top-0 w-6 transition-opacity opacity-0 -start-6 not-prose group-hover:opacity-100 select-none"><a class="text-primary-300 dark:text-neutral-700 !no-underline" href=#dns aria-label=Anchor>#</a></span></h2><p>Domain Name System (DNS) is essentially the phone book of the internet. It
|
|
translates human-readable domain names (like <strong>google.com</strong>) into the numerical
|
|
IP addresses (like 172.217.160.142) that computers use to communicate with each
|
|
other.</p><p>Here’s a breakdown:</p><ul><li><strong>Human-Friendly to Machine-Friendly:</strong> We remember names like “google.com”
|
|
easily, but computers communicate using IP addresses. DNS bridges this gap by
|
|
converting domain names into their corresponding IP addresses.</li><li><strong>Distributed Database:</strong> DNS is a massive, distributed database. It’s not
|
|
stored in one single location, but rather spread across a network of servers
|
|
around the world. This makes it robust and efficient.</li><li><strong>Hierarchical Structure:</strong> DNS is organized in a hierarchical structure, like
|
|
a tree. This structure helps to manage the vast number of domain names and IP
|
|
addresses.</li><li><strong>Resolution Process:</strong> When you type a domain name into your browser, your
|
|
computer initiates a DNS resolution process. It queries various DNS servers to
|
|
find the IP address associated with that domain name.</li></ul><p>Why someone might use DNS:</p><ul><li><strong>Easy Access to Websites:</strong> DNS allows us to access websites by using
|
|
easy-to-remember domain names instead of complex IP addresses.</li><li><strong>Email Delivery:</strong> DNS is also used to route email to the correct mail
|
|
servers.</li><li><strong>Internet Functionality:</strong> DNS is a fundamental component of the internet,
|
|
without which we wouldn’t be able to easily browse the web or send emails.</li></ul><p>In short, DNS is a critical part of the internet infrastructure. It’s the system
|
|
that allows us to use domain names to access websites and other internet
|
|
resources, making the internet user-friendly and accessible.</p><hr><h2 class="relative group">PROXY<div id=proxy class=anchor></div><span class="absolute top-0 w-6 transition-opacity opacity-0 -start-6 not-prose group-hover:opacity-100 select-none"><a class="text-primary-300 dark:text-neutral-700 !no-underline" href=#proxy aria-label=Anchor>#</a></span></h2><p>A proxy acts as an intermediary between a client (like your computer) and a
|
|
server (like a website). Instead of your computer directly connecting to the
|
|
server, it connects to the proxy server, which then forwards the request to the
|
|
server. The server’s response comes back to the proxy, which then forwards it to
|
|
your computer. Think of it like a middleman.</p><p>Here’s a breakdown:</p><ul><li><strong>Intermediary:</strong> The core function of a proxy is to act as a go-between for
|
|
client and server.</li><li><strong>Hiding IP Address:</strong> One common use of a proxy is to mask the client’s IP
|
|
address. The server sees the proxy’s IP address, not the client’s, providing a
|
|
degree of anonymity.</li><li><strong>Caching:</strong> Proxies often cache frequently accessed content. If a client
|
|
requests something that’s already in the cache, the proxy can serve it
|
|
directly, speeding up access.</li><li><strong>Filtering and Security:</strong> Proxies can be used to filter content, block
|
|
access to certain websites, or scan for malware. This is common in corporate
|
|
environments.</li><li><strong>Load Balancing:</strong> In some situations, proxies can distribute traffic across
|
|
multiple servers, helping to balance the load and improve performance.</li></ul><p>In short, a proxy server provides a layer of separation between clients and
|
|
servers, offering a variety of benefits related to privacy, security,
|
|
performance, and network management.</p><hr><h2 class="relative group">Reverse Proxy<div id=reverse-proxy class=anchor></div><span class="absolute top-0 w-6 transition-opacity opacity-0 -start-6 not-prose group-hover:opacity-100 select-none"><a class="text-primary-300 dark:text-neutral-700 !no-underline" href=#reverse-proxy aria-label=Anchor>#</a></span></h2><p>A reverse proxy sits in front of one or more backend servers, intercepting
|
|
client requests and forwarding them to the appropriate server. It acts as a
|
|
gateway, but unlike a regular proxy (which protects clients), a reverse proxy
|
|
protects the servers. Clients connect to the reverse proxy, which then handles
|
|
the connection to the actual servers.</p><p>Here’s a breakdown:</p><ul><li><strong>Server Protection:</strong> Reverse proxies shield backend servers from direct
|
|
exposure to the internet, enhancing security by preventing direct attacks.</li><li><strong>Load Balancing:</strong> They can distribute client traffic across multiple
|
|
servers, preventing any single server from becoming overloaded.</li><li><strong>Caching:</strong> Reverse proxies can cache content, reducing the load on backend
|
|
servers and speeding up response times for clients.</li><li><strong>SSL Termination:</strong> They can handle SSL encryption and decryption, offloading
|
|
this task from the backend servers.</li><li><strong>URL Rewriting:</strong> Reverse proxies can modify URLs, making them more
|
|
user-friendly or hiding the internal structure of the backend servers.</li></ul><p>In short, a reverse proxy acts as a gatekeeper for backend servers, providing a
|
|
range of benefits related to security, performance, scalability, and
|
|
flexibility. It’s a common component in modern web architectures.</p><h2 class="relative group">SSL<div id=ssl class=anchor></div><span class="absolute top-0 w-6 transition-opacity opacity-0 -start-6 not-prose group-hover:opacity-100 select-none"><a class="text-primary-300 dark:text-neutral-700 !no-underline" href=#ssl aria-label=Anchor>#</a></span></h2><p>Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is a security protocol that creates an encrypted
|
|
connection between a web server and a web browser. This ensures that any data
|
|
exchanged between them remains private and secure. Think of it as a secret
|
|
tunnel that prevents eavesdropping and tampering.</p><p>Here’s a breakdown:</p><ul><li><strong>Encryption:</strong> SSL encrypts the data transmitted between the browser and the
|
|
server, making it unreadable to anyone who might try to intercept it. This
|
|
protects sensitive information like passwords, credit card numbers, and
|
|
personal details.</li><li><strong>Authentication:</strong> SSL verifies the identity of the website, assuring users
|
|
that they are connecting to the legitimate website and not a fake one. This
|
|
helps prevent phishing attacks.</li><li><strong>Data Integrity:</strong> SSL ensures that the data transmitted between the browser
|
|
and the server is not altered or corrupted during transit. This guarantees
|
|
that the information received is exactly what was sent.</li></ul><p>In short, SSL is a crucial security technology that protects online
|
|
communication and helps build trust between websites and their users. It’s the
|
|
foundation of secure online transactions and a vital component of a safe
|
|
internet experience.</p><div class=mt-10><section class="flex flex-row flex-wrap justify-center pt-4 text-xl"><a target=_blank class="m-1 rounded bg-neutral-300 p-1.5 text-neutral-700 hover:bg-primary-500 hover:text-neutral dark:bg-neutral-700 dark:text-neutral-300 dark:hover:bg-primary-400 dark:hover:text-neutral-800" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://wiki.wompmacho.com/projects/networking/&title=networking" title="Share on LinkedIn" aria-label="Share on LinkedIn"><span class="relative block icon"><svg viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M416 32H31.9C14.3 32 0 46.5.0 64.3v383.4C0 465.5 14.3 480 31.9 480H416c17.6.0 32-14.5 32-32.3V64.3c0-17.8-14.4-32.3-32-32.3zM135.4 416H69V202.2h66.5V416zm-33.2-243c-21.3.0-38.5-17.3-38.5-38.5S80.9 96 102.2 96c21.2.0 38.5 17.3 38.5 38.5.0 21.3-17.2 38.5-38.5 38.5zm282.1 243h-66.4V312c0-24.8-.5-56.7-34.5-56.7-34.6.0-39.9 27-39.9 54.9V416h-66.4V202.2h63.7v29.2h.9c8.9-16.8 30.6-34.5 62.9-34.5 67.2.0 79.7 44.3 79.7 101.9V416z"/></svg>
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